   | Description: Introduction to influenza: covers basics of virology, seasonal, avian and pandemic influenza Abstract: The learning objectives are 1) describe the characteristics of influenza infection in humans; 2) understand different types of influenza viruses and how they can infect humans and animals; 3) describe the ways that influenza viruses can change or mutate. |
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 | Description: Background papers discussing key ethical issues for pandemic preparedness and response Abstract: In March 2006, the World Health Organization (WHO) convened four working groups to review the literature and develop preliminary conclusions on key ethical issues in pandemic preparedness and response. This volume includes the background papers prepared by these working groups and include: 1) equitable access to therapeutic and prophylactic measures; 2) isolation, quarantine, border control, and social distancing; 3) role and obligations of health-care workers during an influenza pandemic; and 4) pandemic influenza planning and response – transnational issues for governments. Related documents:
Ethical Considerations in Developing a Public Health Response to Pandemic Influenza |
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 | Pages: 46; Description: This report outlines methods for assessing gender and sex-related factors in the spread and occurrence of infectious disease outbreaks. Abstract: This paper presents a gender perspective on outbreaks of epidemic-prone infectious diseases. It discusses evidence of differences in the infectious disease process between males and females, and aims to show how, by taking such differences between men and women into account, it is possible to improve the understanding of the epidemiology and the clinical course and outcome of diseases, aid in their detection and treatment, and increase public participation in and the effectiveness of prevention and control activities. |
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 | Description: Document providing key messages and information for communities affected by outbreaks of avian influenza Abstract: Health officials will need to take immediate steps to ensure that disease does not spread when they are alerted. A good plan with a communication component assists in the arrest of the spread. This guide provides simple key messages and information to achieve this. |
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 | Description: Aide memoire for early recognition, reporting and infection control management of acute respiratory diseases of potential international concern Abstract: Early recognition, based on familiarity with the clinical and epidemiological factors associated with ARDs of potential concern, isolation and treatment of patients, and reporting of such cases to public health authorities are key measures. |
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 | Description: Aide memoire - Infection control recommendations for avian influenza in health-care facilities Abstract: Infection control precautions are warranted with patients with suspected or confirmed AI because it has been highly lethal to humans. Standard and droplet precautions should be used when in direct contact with patients suspected or confirmed as infected with AI. PPE need to be used. The second page provides the key elements of control recommendations in health care facilities. |
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 | Description: Summary of Infection prevention and control measures in health care Abstract: Administrative controls, source control, environmental and engineering controls, and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) according to routine and additional infection controls are key strategies |
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 | Description: Lecture on outbreak investigation Abstract: The learning objectives are to 1) understand the purpose for investigating animal influenza outbreaks in humans; 2) understand the key steps of the investigation: pre-investigation planning, determine who/when/where/why/how, conclusions and challenges. |
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 | Description: Tool to assist in deciding if a public health event needs to be notified Abstract: Decision instrument for the assessment and notification of events that may constitute a public health emergency of international concern. |
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 | Description: Word Health Assembly document (WHA59.2) Abstract: WHO, travel and trade, collaboration as well as specific diseases under the IHR (2005). |
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 | Pages: 39; Description: This checklist enables assessment of ports and airports that could be designated for routine prevention and control measures and response to events that may constitute public health emergencies of international concern. Abstract: This document is intended to serve as a tool to be used to support States Parties in determining existing capacities and capacity needs at points of entry when deciding
which airports, ports and ground crossing should be designated as ports and airports, in relation to routine prevention and control measures and response to events that may constitute a public health emergency of international concern. Related documents:
Excel Spreadsheet File Model
Instructions on How to Use the Spreadsheet |
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 | Description: Infection control and personal protective equipment Abstract: The learning objectives are 1) discuss the principles of infection control; 2) illuminate routes of transmission; 3) describe standard precautions and transmission-based Precautions; 4) describe how to prevent transmission of avian or pandemic influenza |
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 | Pages: 18; Description: The training module provides facilitator notes for training on lab kits, use of rapid detection tests, and packaging/shipping and handling of samples. Abstract: The objectives of the training module are: 1) understand why it is important to collect and submit samples for testing; 2) list all of the items in the laboratory kit; 3) correctly perform a rapid diagnostic test for avian influenza on birds; 4) understand how to package and prepare samples for transport to an in-country laboratory; 5) understand proper disposal techniques. Participant handouts for this course can be found in http://avianflu.aed.org/training.htm. |
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 | Pages: 182; Description: The book strengthens education and research in public health. Abstract: The book provides an introduction to the basic principles and methods of epidemiology. It is intended for a wide audience, including professionals in the health and environment field involved in in-service training courses, undergraduate medical students and students in other health professions. |
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 | Description: Pre-investigaiton and response planning; conducting the investigation and creating a report Abstract: The learning objectives are 1) describe when and how to prepare for the investigation of suspected human H5N1 cases; 2) illuminate the objectives of outbreak investigation of suspected, probable, or confirmed H5N1 cases; 3) outline the mechanics of an outbreak investigation of suspected, probable, or confirmed H5N1 cases; 4) describe how to analyze and communicate findings from case investigations. |
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 | Pages: 60; Description: Presentation: this case study provides a step-by-step understanding of how to investigate outbreaks of H5N1 in humans in an international setting. Abstract: The learning objectives are 1) describe key outbreak management issues that need to be addressed; 2) list appropriate practices and procedures related to investigation of H5N1 in humans; 3) identify critical coordination priorities and communication processes. |
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 | Pages: 2; Description: This report provides key indicators for pandemic resilience. It aims to present a broad picture of what a “pandemic safe community” looks like. Abstract: This report provides key indicators for pandemic resilience. It aims to present a broad picture of what a “pandemic safe community” looks like and enable community leaders create innovative ways to get there. |
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 | Pages: 50; Description: This report outlines activities that can be undertaken to anticipate and address the possible impact of climate change on communicable diseases. Abstract: This handbook is intended to be a resource to encourage planning activities that anticipate and address the possible impact of climate change on communicable disease spread. Informed by current climate change science, particularly as it relates to communicable disease spread, this handbook suggests various processes and important points for consideration when conducting vulnerability assessments and developing adaptation strategies for climate change. |
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 | Description: Lecture about the collaboration with the animal section Abstract: The learning objectives are to 1) discuss the relevant animal organizations; 2) describe the difference in roles and responsibilities of the animal health sector vs. the human health sector; 3) list the data required for notification; and 4) describe the information flow of disease occurrence. |
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 | Description: Case study to identify the different viewpoints of different stakeholders. Uses the Johari window technique to map the issues in terms of open, hidden, blind and unknown and to map out solutions. Abstract: The “Johari windows” exercise can help various groups increase their first window and be more open about problems. This translates into more trust and better collaboration if a plan of action is put in place after the exercise. In addition, and beyond the mere issue of effectiveness, certain attitudes of mutual respect and understanding will always gain from efforts so that the collaboration can become a more pleasant experience. |
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 | Description: Lecture discussing communications for pandemic influenza response Abstract: The learning objectives are to: 1) identify the core elements needed in communication planning for pandemic influenza response; 2) interpret the role and importance of communications during pandemic influenza response operations; and 3) acquire skills in developing and applying appropriate communication strategies/ develop and apply appropriate communication strategies. |
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 | Description: Lecture discussing rapid containment communications Abstract: The learning objectives are to: 1) identify the core elements needed in communication planning for rapid containment; 2) interpret the role and importance of communications during rapid containment operations; and 3) acquire skills in developing and applying appropriate communication strategies/ develop and apply appropriate communication strategies. |
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 | Pages: 1; Description: This guideline outlines briefly in a one-page document the considerations for undertaking exercises to validate pandemic preparedness plans. Abstract: As pandemic preparedness and response plans are complex and multi-sectoral in nature, validation of these plans is critical to ensure operability in a crisis. This guideline outlines briefly in a one-page document the considerations for undertaking exercises to validate pandemic preparedness plans. |
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 | Pages: 68; Description: The report is a consultation between United Nations and other partners to develop a strategic framework for reducing risks of infectious diseases at the animal–human–ecosystems interface. Abstract: The overall objective of the Strategic Framework represents an international public good. Its achievement will involve the strengthening of existing animal and public health surveillance, response, prevention and preparedness systems at the country, regional and international levels. |
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 | Pages: 45; Description: The primary objective of the study was to examine advantages and disadvantages of different coordination arrangements, and to establish a series of principles that if adopted would lead to better synergy and more effective implementation of assistance. Abstract: The study conclusions reinforce best practice on coordination that has been promulgated by Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development, UNDG, and similar bodies. They also conclude that sustained attention is needed to ensure that best practice is pursued, and they have proposed that nine principles, which reflect this best practice, be put into practice at country level. |
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 | Pages: 47; Description: This report assesses mechanisms to quantify costs and benefits of control or risk mitigation measures associated with animal disease control of A/(H5N1). Abstract: This report assesses the various ways that have been used to quantify costs and benefits of different control and prevention measures associated with diseases with the aim of identifying an appropriate methodology for analyzing the mitigations measures used to control/prevent A/(H5N1) in the study countries. |
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 | Description: Guide to assist with creating and tracking the progress of pandemic planning Abstract: A comprehensive plan should be part of an overarching hazard emergency management programme. The document describes the different steps for the planning process and considerations and task for each of these steps. |
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 | Description: Lecture on the critical factors for decision-making Abstract: The learning objectives are to: 1) Discuss when to implement an RC strategy; 2) Describe factors affecting the assessment; 3) Describe responsibilities during a containment operation; and 4) Formulate the information needed to decide whether a containment operation should be implemented. |
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 | Pages: 44; Description: This workbook contains resources for advanced reading of participants to complement the 35-hour face to face session. Abstract: The content of the workbook equates to a minimum of six hours learning activity per module. The workbook consists of referenced materials, podcasts, web-links and related activities and questions. The references and other materials contained in this pre-programme workbook have not been systematically reviewed. They have been included to support the course content and primarily use WHO, and ECDC sources for reference. The workbook has been developed to ensure that all participants, whether undertaking individual modules or the complete programme, arrive fully prepared to participate and share their expertise, experience and practice for the benefit of the whole group. |
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 | Description: Guide on effective media communication during a public health emergency Abstract: The handbook describes a seven-step process to help public health officials and others to communicate effectively through the media during emergencies. The process is based upon the belief that it is better to take action to positively guide events and situations before they occur than to respond after they develop. By implementing such an approach, public health organizations and officials will be in a much stronger position to guide media coverage and ensure that their messages become highly visible and clearly heard. |
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 | Pages: 415; Description: This course is designed to provide the fundamentals of exercise design and to teach the design and conduct of an exercise. Abstract: This course is designed to provide the fundamentals of exercise design and to teach the design and conduct of an exercise. It addresses: 1) the value of conducting exercises; 2) the components of a comprehensive exercise programme; 3) the exercise development process. |
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 | Description: The presentation provides an overview of the current situation (6 august 2009), describes the epidemiology and characteristics of the pandemic H1N1 2009 and the surveillance recommendations. |
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 | Description: Document provides guidance on developing a publicly-discussed ethical framework to maintain public trust, promote compliance, and minimize social disruption and economic loss during the pandemic alert period and the pandemic period. Abstract: The document focusses on priority setting and equitable access to resources, restriction of individual's movements as a result of non-pharmaceutical interventions, the respective obligations of health care workers and their employers and governments, and the obligations of countries vis-à-vis each other. The document also addresses the need for transparent and timely sharing of information to improve evidence-based policy design and facilitate public engagement in the decision-making process. Related documents:
Addressing Ethical Issues in Pandemic Influenza Planning - Discussion Papers |
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 | Description: Ethical considerations in public health; balancing individual liberty with community interests and allocation of scarce resources during a pandemic Abstract: The learning objectives are 1) describe the major ethical issues that must be considered when responding to pandemic influenza 2) discuss ethical considerations in pandemic influenza response strategies; 3) develop ways to address the major ethical issues during pandemic influenza response. |
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 | Description: Lecture to discuss the ethical aspects to consider in rapid containment operations Abstract: The learning objectives are to: 1) describe the major ethical issues that must be considered in an RC operation; 2) discuss ethical considerations in rapid containment strategies; and 3) develop ways to address the major ethical issues during an RC operation. |
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  | Pages: 65; Description: This checklist enables assessment of ports and airports that could be designated for routine prevention and control measures and response to events that may constitute public health emergencies of international concern. Abstract: This document is intended to serve as a tool to be used to support States Parties in determining existing capacities and capacity needs at points of entry when deciding
which airports, ports and ground crossing should be designated as ports and airports, in relation to routine prevention and control measures and response to events that may constitute a public health emergency of international concern. Related documents:
Assessment Tool for Core Capacity Requirements at Designated Airports, Ports and Ground Crossings
Instructions on How to Use the Spreadsheet |
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 | Description: Guide to develop exercises for the validation of influenza pandemic preparedness plans Abstract: The exercise process is a useful tool to assist in the development of plans. Exercises can be used at each stage of plan development to test the practicality of proposed actions. The guide describes the different types of exercises, the planning and designing of an exercise, as well as the administering and conducting of an exercise. |
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 | Pages: 38; Description: Facilitator's guide: this case study provides a step-by-step understanding of how to investigate outbreaks of H5N1 in humans in an international setting. Abstract: The learning objectives are 1) describe key outbreak management issues that need to be addressed; 2) list appropriate practices and procedures related to investigation of H5N1 in humans; 3) identify critical coordination priorities and communication processes. |
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 | Pages: 29; Description: Facilitator's guide: this case study provides a step-by-step understanding of how to investigate outbreaks of H5N1 in humans in an international setting. Abstract: The learning objectives are 1) describe key outbreak management issues that need to be addressed; 2) list appropriate practices and procedures related to investigation of H5N1 in humans; 3) identify critical coordination priorities and communication processes. |
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 | Pages: 21; Description: Facilitator's guide: this case study provides a step-by-step understanding of how to establish surveillance for influenza in international setting that meets the objective of routine and novel virus case detection. Abstract: The learning objectives are 1) define the surveillance objectives, methods of hospital selection, and key data collection priorities; 2) list appropriate surveillance strategies and trigger criteria; 3) list appropriate surveillance strategies and trigger criteria needed for a broader pandemic early warning system; 4) describe how a sentinel site surveillance system for influenza provides an important support function for a pandemic early warning system; 5) identify five ways to enhance human avian and pandemic influenza surveillance activities in areas where there are known influenza A(H5N1) outbreaks in poultry. |
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 | Pages: 27; Description: This guideline describes the strategies and methods for influenza surveillance in swine populations in light of the 2009 A/(H1N1) pandemic. Abstract: This guideline describes the strategies and methods for influenza surveillance in swine populations in light of the 2009 A/(H1N1) pandemic. The adaptation of disease surveillance schemes to different pig production systems, especially disease surveillance targeting backyard or small pig producers, in particular in developing countries, is encouraged. Surveillance at this level should include the active participation of local communities and farmers to actively report respiratory cases in pigs. |
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 | Pages: 44; Description: This report describes the regional strategy for avian influenza and other emerging infectious diseases of animals for the Asia and Pacific regions. The Strategy provides a vision for a common approach to address the ongoing problem of HPAI and EIDs, and serves to harmonize activities of various partners and donor agencies within the region. Abstract: This strategy is a revision of the Strategic Framework for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Prevention and Control in Southeast Asia developed in May 2006. The Strategy has been revised in recognition of the changing situation of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in the region and advances in knowledge about approaches to its control. It also reflects the international recognition of the regular emergence of new infectious diseases that threaten food security, food safety and human health and the need for interventions that address surveillance and preparedness capabilities for emerging infectious diseases in a broader context. |
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 | Pages: 1; Description: The flowchart aids in the decision making process for school closure during pandemic influenza outbreaks. Abstract: The flowchart provides different thresholds for action depending on the type of school: conventional school, special school and nurseries. |
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  | Pages: 49; Description: This guidance focuses on social issues and reactions to a pandemic that could cripple economies, interrupt harvest, processing, transport, sales and distribution of basic food supplies. Abstract: This guidance focuses on social issues and reactions to a pandemic that could cripple economies, interrupt harvest, processing, transport, sales and distribution of basic food supplies. These could increase rates of malnutrition and, for those already malnourished, increase rates of mortality. This document is organized to provide guidance for community leaders in particular, as well as national leaders, with a final technical section that provides analysis for how local efforts can be supported by regional and international cooperation. |
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 | Description: Interactive presentation including group work on different types of influenza virus. Abstract: The presentation is the basis for Interactive group work/discussion during which the participants discuss and will be able to explain the difference between seasonal, animal and pandemic influenza. Related documents:
Interactive Session on Basic Influenza Issues - Facilitators Explanation |
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 | Description: Successful containment or control of pandemic influenza will rely on early recognition of sustained human-to-human transmission which requires a system for outbreak detection, rapid data collection, analysis, assessment and timely reporting. Early detection of the start of a pandemic is crucial to rapidly implement measures to stop the pandemic at its source and to prevent millions of deaths, social disruption and economic loss. As part of national pandemic preparedness planning each country should prepare for enhanced surveillance to (i) detect the emergence of the new disease, (ii) characterize the disease (epidemiology, clinical manifestations, severity) and (iii) monitor its evolution. |
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 | Description: This training package has 2 portions. The first part is for hospital-based surveillance of signal events and the second part refers to the response of healthcare facilities once such an event is detected. We are not exactly sure where in your current categories would be the best place to locate it, especially since there is no surveillance section. Since it refers to health facilities preparation, maybe it could be included under pandemic preparedness? |
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 | Pages: 1; Description: The poster outlines steps to reduce the risk of influenza A/H1N1 2009 spread during Hajj and Umra. Abstract: The poster recommends hand hygiene, cough etiquette, regular cleaning of surfaces, isolating suspected cases and minimizing close contact. These concepts are presented pictorially for accessibility to audiences of all ages and knowledge background. |
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 | Description: Illustrated and commented steps to perform a particulate respirator seal check |
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 | Pages: 1; Description: The poster outlines steps to reduce the risk of disease spread in schools and nurseries. Abstract: The poster recommends hand hygiene, cough etiquette, good ventilation, regular cleaning of surfaces, isolating suspected cases and minimizing mass gatherings. These concepts are presented pictorially for accessibility to audiences of all ages and knowledge background. |
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 | Description: Illustrated and commented steps to put on and take off Personal Protective Equipment |
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 | Pages: 41; Description: This report presents and discusses the potential pathways of highly pathogenic avian influenza A/(H5N1) transmission from poultry to humans. Abstract: The purpose of this report is to critically review published, grey literature, and accessible primary reports on HPAI, specifically focusing on highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N1 (HPAI/H5N1) in humans. The epidemiology of influenza A/(H5N1) in poultry and humans is reviewed, and an evaluation of what is known about influenza A/(H5N1) transmission patterns from poultry-to-humans is undertaken. Although this report focuses on A/(H5N1), studies which have evaluated poultry-to-human transmission for other HPAI strains (e.g., H7 outbreaks in the Netherlands, Italy and British Columbia) are included. |
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 | Pages: 28; Description: The "Action planning" module is the last of the ten modules contained in the training course on "Development of programmes for prevention and control of seasonal influenza". Abstract: At the end of this session participants should be able to: 1) critically debate action planning as a tool for the design /redesign and implementation of a programme for the prevention and control of HSI; 2) critically review a series of tools designed to facilitate action planning; 3) critically apply one element of the action planning process for HSI protection and control to participants own area of practice. |
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 | Pages: 73; Description: The "Human Seasonal Influenza Introduction to the Programme" module is the first of the ten modules contained in the training course on "Development of programmes for prevention and control of seasonal influenza". Abstract: This session aims to introduce the overall objectives of the program as follows: 1) to offer a flexible and dynamic programme that prepares participants to advance and facilitate expertise within their own working environment or professional area relevant to the prevention and control of human seasonal influenza; 2) to facilitate the development of participants’ knowledge and skills. This will enable them to deliver appropriate professional training programmes and strategies for the prevention of human seasonal influenza. |
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 | Pages: 60; Description: The "Human Seasonal Influenza Programme Planning" module is the second of the ten modules contained in the training course on "Development of programmes for prevention and control of seasonal influenza". Abstract: At the end of this module, participants should be able to: 1) review the national and global agenda underpinning the rational for an immunization programme for the prevention and control of HSI; 2) discuss the components of a plan to increase uptake of HSI vaccine within a multi-agency framework; 3) critically debate “Settings” as a tool to increase the uptake of HSI vaccine within a multi-agency framework; 4) critically explore the major programme components when implementing a vaccine programme for the prevention and control of HIS. |
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 | Pages: 61; Description: The "Surveillance systems and epidemiological studies" module is the third of the ten modules contained in the training course on "Development of programmes for prevention and control of seasonal influenza". Abstract: At the end of this module, participants should be able to: a) Surveillance systems; 1) critically analyse rationale for utilising methods of surveillance and monitoring for Influenza-Like Illnesses (ILI) in a given population; 2) critically debate the use of surveillance systems including data and statistical models to estimate the burden of HSI disease; 3) evaluate the context and impact of HSI disease in primary, secondary care and laboratory based settings; 4) evaluate the context and impact of HSI disease in laboratory based settings; b) Epidemiological data and studies: 1) utilise epidemiological data to plan and implement programmes for the prevention and control of HSI; 2) apply principles of data collection and analysis in the conduct of epidemiological studies; 3) consolidate critical appraisal skills in relation to epidemiological studies and the process of validation. |
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 | Pages: 58; Description: The "Laboratory issues" module is the fourth of the ten modules contained in the training course on "Development of programmes for prevention and control of seasonal influenza". Abstract: At the end of this module, participants should be able to: 1) critically review the role of laboratory testing for HSI including benefits and limitations of a range of tests available; 2) review the quality and safety issues for laboratory work and systems across the EU; 3) communicate and report effectively with laboratory team and public health authorities. |
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 | Pages: 42; Description: The "Human Seasonal Influenza Policy" module is the fifth of the ten modules contained in the training course on "Development of programmes for prevention and control of seasonal influenza". Abstract: At the end of this session participants should be able to: 1) critically evaluate the impact of international and national strategic policy agendas in relation to HSI; 2) critically debate the professional challenges that underpin the context of policy provision; 3) critically reflect on the strategic and collaborative partnerships required for the successful implementation of policies for the prevention and control of HIS. |
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 | Pages: 78; Description: The "Vaccination" module is the sixth of the ten modules contained in the training course on "Development of programmes for prevention and control of seasonal influenza". Abstract: At the end of this session participants should be able to: 1) critically debate with current vaccine, administration methods, contra-indications, special precautions; 2) critically review the logistics of an annual HSI vaccine programme within a national and international context including the cycle of supply; 3) critically debate factors that influence the efficacy of annual HSI vaccine; 4) critically discuss adverse events in relation to HSI in relation to safety, myths and reality; 5) critically appraise new developments in relation to HSI vaccines. |
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 | Pages: 35; Description: The "Targeting priority groups" module is the seventh of the ten modules contained in the training course on "Development of programmes for prevention and control of seasonal influenza". Abstract: At the end of this session participants should be able to: 1) critically appraise the criteria for defining target and risk groups; 2) debate the impact of inequalities when planning the programmes for control and prevention for HSI; 3) critically analyse the different strategies required when designing/redesigning HSI vaccine programmes across the lifespan. |
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 | Pages: 27; Description: The "Communication" module is the eighth of the ten modules contained in the training course on "Development of programmes for prevention and control of seasonal influenza". Abstract: At the end of this session participants should be able to: 1) justify and construct an effective communication strategy for HSI at the micro, meso and macro levels; 2) critically review methods to increase public and professional awareness of HSI; 3) demonstrate how to lead and use effectively the skills and capabilities of HSI team members. |
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 | Pages: 48; Description: The "Evaluation and research of seasonal human influenza" module is the ninth of the ten modules contained in the training course on "Development of programmes for prevention and control of seasonal influenza". Abstract: At the end of this session participants should be able to: 1) critically review current trends in HSI research and development; 2) critically evaluate the quantitative and qualitative research methodology as applied to HSI; 3) critically review and develop competence in a range of research methods of data collections and analysis; 4) critically appraise the interactions between research methods and findings and their application to HSI evaluation; 5) develop appropriate methods to monitor and evaluate HSI vaccination coverage; 6) develop appropriate methods of monitoring and evaluation of a vaccination programme. |
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 | Pages: 18; Description: This paper reviews the (predominantly grey) literature on impacts of highly pathogenic avian influenza strain H5N1 and control responses on the livestock sector and associated industries in developing countries. Abstract: This review considers how the impacts propagate up- and downstream through related supply and distribution networks, how short-term reactions are followed by longer-term adjustments, how impacts include direct cost elements and foregone income, and why losses to the poultry sector will, at least to some extent, be ‘passed on’ on the one hand, for example through compensation, and, on the other hand, be compensated for by gains in other livestock subsectors. |
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 | Pages: 32; Description: The aim of this report is to provide a methodological framework that will enable the collection and analysis of primary data to measure the impacts of highly pathogenic avian influenza on assets, livelihood strategies and the various indicators of rural livelihoods. Abstract: This report provides frameworks for research on the impacts of the highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks and threats on rural livelihoods, specifically to measure the rural households’ vulnerability to this livestock disease and its associated repercussions (e.g., food and nutrition insecurity and deepened gender inequality). |
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 | Pages: 56; Description: This report describes biosecurity for backyard holdings of poultry to reduce risk of disease transmission and economic losses. Abstract: The objective of this literature review is to describe biosecurity and to cover options of improving biosecurity in sectors 3 and 4 while considering the possibilities of restructuring keeping in mind the special conditions of small poultry productions. Furthermore, the feasibility and cost of implementation and the potential impact on future contribution of small poultry production to food security is discussed. The target group is decision makers, professional poultry personnel and scientists. |
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 | Description: Presentation on infection control measures to prevent transmission within health care settings Abstract: The learning objectives are to 1) describe basic infection-control principles; and 2) discuss core infection-control measures in health-care settings. |
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 | Description: New interim guidelines for infection control in health care settings for epidemic and pandemic-prone respiratory diseases Abstract: The document provides infection control guidance to help prevent the transmission of acute infectious respiratory diseases during health care, with emphasis on acute respiratory diseases that may constitute a public health emergency of international concern. The document describes infection control recommendations, the principles of environmental ventilation for airborne infections, the main components of HCF preparedness plans to prevent and control ARD outbreaks, as well as background information for the recommendations. |
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 | Description: Sentinel surveillance for seasonal influenza and other respiratory diseases, building early warning systems for novel and pandemic respiratory viruses Abstract: The learning objectives are: 1) describe distinctions between seasonal, avian, and pandemic influenza surveillance; 2) describe seasonal influenza surveillance as a framework for pandemic influenza surveillance; 3) describe standard case definitions for surveillance; 4) describe epidemiologic data collection elements; 5) describe ways to enhance local surveillance following a poultry outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) or following identification of human cases of influenza A (H5N1) virus infection. |
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 | Pages: 166; Description: The slide sets are divided into seven parts: a) Introduction, b) Design and setup of sentinel surveillance system, c) mechanics of sentinel surveillance I, d) mechanics of sentinel surveillance II, e) Data, f) Appendix A: Advanced laboratory concepts, g) Appendix B: Advanced epidemiology concepts. Abstract: This is a training course on influenza sentinel surveillance for respiratory diseases. |
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 | Pages: 2; Description: This checklist enables assessment of ports and airports that could be designated for routine prevention and control measures and response to events that may constitute public health emergencies of international concern. Abstract: This document is intended to serve as a tool to be used to support States Parties in determining existing capacities and capacity needs at points of entry when deciding which airports, ports and ground crossing should be designated as ports and airports, in relation to routine prevention and control measures and response to events that may constitute a public health emergency of international concern. Related documents:
Assessment Tool for Core Capacity Requirements at Designated Airports, Ports and Ground Crossings
Excel Spreadsheet File Model |
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 | Description: Document explaining an interactive session on general influenza issues Abstract: The document explains how to carry out the interactive session on general influenza issues. The objective of the interactive session is for participants to know and be able to explain the difference between seasonal, animal and pandemic influenza. Related documents:
General Issues of Influenza - An Interactive Session |
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 | Pages: 3; Description: The guidance outlines influenza control measures at points of entry, disease surveillance for returnees and other public health considerations such as hotlines. Abstract: Hajj is a unique annual mass gathering where more than two million Muslims congregate in Mekka and Madina in Saudi Arabia from more than 150 countries around the world. The continuing spread of pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus may potentially pose a risk to the countries from their returnee Hajj pilgrims owing to the special religious rituals that the Hajjees go through in very crowded conditions during the pilgrimage. This guidance outlines the measures to reduce the risk of disease spread once pilgrims return home. |
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 | Description: Lecture on IHR and how Rapid Containment is linked to the regulations Abstract: The learning objectives are to: 1) explain the application of the IHR decision instrument; 2) interpret the application of the criteria for decision-making in verification and notification of public health events under the IHR 2005; 3) decide when to communicate information of an event to WHO by using the IHR decision instrument; and 4) identify what measures of IHR apply to rapid containment and how to implement them. |
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 | Pages: 30; Description: This guideline outlines the various indicators to assist countries assess their pandemic preparedness, identify gaps, prioritize future investment and monitor progress in those areas which, by international consensus, are deemed the most important. Abstract: The guideline was developed for European countries, however, it may be adapted for other uses. |
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 | Description: This joint teleconference discussion focused on human–animal interface aspects of the virus and the event. |
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 | Description: Laboratory diagnostic tests for influenza and laboratory safety; specimen collection, storage, transport, laboratory data Abstract: The learning objectives are 1) describe avian influenza-related laboratory procedures; 2)define laboratory safety; 3) list elements of specimen collection kit; 4) explain how to collect & transport specimens; 5) describe infectious waste disposal; 6) explain how to manage laboratory data. |
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 | Description: Facilitator guide for the case study on laboratory diagnosis. Contains six parts that can also be used separately. Sample taking, labelling and packaging as well as which test to use and how to interpret test results. Abstract: The case study will take the participants through 7 scenarios related to laboratory diagnosis of avian influenza. They will allow for practicing specimen collection methods and include discussion questions. Related documents:
Laboratory Diagnostics, Specimen Collection, and Biosafety Issues - Laboratory Practice Exercises - Trainee Guide |
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 | Description: This booklet is a summary guidance drawn from the WHO guidelines entitled “Infection prevention and control of epidemic- and pandemic-prone acute respiratory diseases in health care. WHO Interim Guidelines” |
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 | Description: Epidemiology and clinical features of human infection with influenza A (H5N1) virus; clinical assessment, epidemiologic assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of suspected influenza A (H5N1) patients Abstract: The presentation is divided into two parts. The first part learning objectives are 1) describe the clinical features of human infection with H5N1 virus; 2) outline human H5N1 case cluster findings. The second part learning objectives are 1) describe how to assess case patients including clinical and epidemiological data collection; 2) outline methods for specimen collection and diagnostics; 3) describe treatment options. |
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 | Description: Lecture about how to control animals, food safety Abstract: The learning objectives are to 1) understand the challenges of th animal-human interface; 2) describe the transmission mode between animals and humans; and 3) describe different ways to reduce the transmission. |
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 | Pages: 18; Description: This report details the methodologies to be used to assess the nutritional impacts of highly pathogenic avian influenza. Abstract: While issues related to food safety and avian influenza have been addressed in some industrialized countries, little has been done to understand how the epidemic together with the government and general population responses has affected the nutrition of those living in developing countries. The methodologies outlined in this report are proposed for investigating nutritional impact of an avian influenza. |
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 | Description: Covers nonpharmaceutical interventions such isolation, quarantine and travel restrictions; CDC and WHO recommendations Abstract: The learning objectives are 1) list the three goals of implementing NPIs to mitigate the effects of pandemic influenza; 2) name and describe four community-based NPIs; 3) identify the roles and responsibilities of the WHO and national authorities related to NPIs and rapid containment of pandemic influenza. |
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  | Pages: 1; Description: An online video featuring information on the hierarchy of infection control, standard precautions, use of personal protective equipment, hand hygiene and prevention of needlestick injuries. Abstract: The video is intended for infection control and prevention in healthcare settings. The learning objectives are 1) review occupational health and infection control principles; 2) identify appropriate personal protective equipment needs based on clinical assessment; 3) application of personal protective equipment; and 4) preventing needlestick injuries. |
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 | Pages: 47; Description: This study was undertaken between April and September of 2008 to further define the details of the stockpile logistics and financing and was conducted as a collaboration between the World Health Organization, the Bill & Melinda Gates foundation, and Oliver Wyman. Abstract: The report defines options for the logistical design of the H5N1 vaccine stockpile and associated tradeoffs and develops potential strategies and mechanisms to finance the stockpile. This included an assessment of the key drivers of cost and design of mechanisms to manage the costs and mitigate uncertainties. |
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 | Description: Lecture on outbreak communications Abstract: Outbreaks are unique public health events. Trust needs to be built with the public. The first announcement is the most critical of all outbreak communication messages. Important elements are transparency, dialogue with the public, planning, and message making. |
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 | Description: Sample strategy, structure and operational plan for outbreak and pandemic communication Abstract: The document provides a guidance on how to move from strategy to goal by identifying areas which may have been overlooked or where relationships between functions are not clear. This is discussed in the context of outbreaks and pandemics Related documents:
Structure Outbreak Communication |
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 | Pages: 34; Description: This guide will provide information and suggestions to ensure an effective response to outbreaks in your area. Abstract: This Guide will help you think through elements essential to communicating about a disease that could strike your country or region. |
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 | Description: Lecture on Pandemic Preparedness based on the 2009 WHO guidance document Abstract: The learning objectives are to: 1) Describe the WHO pandemic preparedness guidance; 2) Discuss the WHO phases, their goals and main actions; and 3) Discuss the WHO recommendations regarding key components of a pandemic preparedness plan. |
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 | Pages: 10; Description: This guideline suggests a framework for readiness and actions that could be taken by authorities responsible for essential infrastructure services. Abstract: The ‘framework for readiness’ is an approach by which countries can improve their preparedness for influenza pandemic. It emphasizes the interdependence of all sectors of society at all levels. The framework suggests 5 key principles: (1) a whole-of-society approach, (2) preparedness at all levels, (3) attention to critical interdependencies, (4) a scenario-based response, and (5) respect for ethical norms. |
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 | Pages: 72; Description: The purpose of this guideline is to teach the user how to design and implement rapid participatory action research – lasting about one month at the onset of a disease outbreak or other event for which a rapid response is required. Abstract: The purpose of participatory action research is to ensure that communication strategies encourage people to change their behavior in a way that is consistent with their culture, livelihood strategies, gender division of labor, etc. both to respect their human rights and to ensure that change actually happens. This is presented in this guideline using the example of avian influenza A/H5N1, however, the principles apply to many diseases. |
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 | Description: This checklist is intended for use by hospital staff treating anyone with a medically suspected or confirmed case of new influenza A (H1N1) per local definition. The checklist highlights areas of care critical for the management of new influenza A (H1N1) |
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 | Description: Lecture on Pharmaceutical interventions for Rapid Containment Abstract: The learning objectives are to: 1) list influenza-specific antivirals and the choice of drug for a rapid containment operation; 2) discuss their characteristics including benefits, contraindications and potential side-effects; 3) discuss the use of vaccines for an RC operation; and 4) discuss options and feasibility of different monitoring approaches for compliance and adverse effects. |
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 | Pages: 52; Description: The guideline describes the steps to directly and indirectly measure
influenza disease burden. Abstract: The guideline provides information on how to conduct epidemiological studies
on influenza disease burden and to evaluate the clinical and economic burden of
disease in countries where there is little recognition of influenza and no
control policies are in place. |
|
 | Pages: 40; Description: The guideline describes the steps needed to maximize the information for
action arising from virological and epidemiological influenza surveillance. Abstract: Improvements in national surveillance systems that facilitate the collection
and analysis of both virological and epidemiological data are essential, in
order to provide a more complete understanding of the burden of influenza. Such
improvements also have the added benefit of increasing pandemic preparedness.
This guideline is designed to assist the Ministry of Health staff responsible
for establishing, operating and improving national influenza surveillance
systems. |
|
 | Description: This training package has 2 portions. The first part is for hospital-based surveillance of signal events and the second part refers to the response of healthcare facilities once such an event is detected. We are not exactly sure where in your current categories would be the best place to locate it, especially since there is no surveillance section. Since it refers to health facilities preparation, maybe it could be included under pandemic preparedness? |
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 | Pages: 17; Description: A DVD featuring an interactive multimedia application provides practical information on the threat of infectious respiratory diseases and how to reduce their spread in the event of an influenza pandemic. Abstract: A DVD featuring an interactive multimedia application provides practical information on the threat of infectious respiratory diseases and how to reduce their spread in the event of an influenza pandemic. This DVD can be used as a training tool for staff and includes instructional footage, interactive testing modules and resource documents. It is intended for all staff in the broader tourism industry, but particularly for people working in areas of the accommodation sector that are likely to come into contact with infected people during a pandemic. This includes front-of-house, restaurant and housekeeping staff. |
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 | Pages: 2; Description: This guideline provides a brief summary of key health services to maintain during a pandemic. Abstract: The guideline addresses prevention programs; treatment for acute communicable diseases, including pneumonia, diarrhea, fever and malaria; and priority outpatient programs addressing acute malnutrition, TB, HIV/AIDS, and reproductive health. |
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 | Pages: 1; Description: These videos provide mechanisms for limiting spread of disease during an influenza pandemic. Abstract: These videos can be used by personnel of international organizations and others for disseminating messages about disease prevention. |
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 | Pages: 33; Description: This guideline provides a protocol for measuring pandemic influenza vaccine effectiveness in the target groups including in those 65 years old and above. Abstract: The protocol is designed for countries in the European Union and for those in the European Economic Area, where there are two protocols for case control studies to assess vaccine effectiveness. The protocol may be a model for other countries considering undertaking vaccine effectiveness assessments. |
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 | Pages: 21; Description: This guideline provides mechanisms to estimate the relative risk (RR) of defined outcome(s) in vaccinated versus unvaccinated individuals of a defined target group for pandemic and seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness. Abstract: This is a generic outline protocol that needs to be adapted to country-specific priorities and needs. The generic protocol includes the minimum requirements to be included in the cohort study protocols for seasonal and pandemic influenza. It represents the state of knowledge about the pandemic in August 2009. |
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 | Description: Lecture about surveillance in animals Abstract: The learning objectives are to 1) describe the goals of surveillance; 2) describe the different elements and standards of national animal surveillance systems; and 3) discuss the different populations (both animal and human) targeted. |
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 | Description: Lecture to discuss the different measures to reduce influenza transmission Abstract: The learning objectives are to: 1) describe and discuss the use of various measures to reduce influenza transmission; 2) interpret the rationale, concepts and objectives of these measures; 3) formulate considerations for decision-making regarding when to use which measure; and 4) discuss the challenges of implementing these measures. |
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 | Description: Risk communication principles for speaking to the public during an outbreak of animal/pandemic influenza Abstract: The learning objectives are 1) describe role of communications during an emergency; 2) describe epidemiologist’s communications role during an emergency; 3) state the risk communication principles for operating in a crisis; 4) understand how communication messages are developed in a crisis; 5) identify communication activities in the phases of a crisis: pre-event; event; post-event. |
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 | Description: Facilitators guide for rapid containment 4 day training Abstract: The objectives of the facilitators manual are to: 1) provide trainers in the field with a sustainable product they can use to explain the basic components of the rapid containment (RC) strategy; 2) provide trainers with support to organize and implement RC courses in different countries; 3) provide trainers with useful examples of activities to strengthen their use of participatory teaching methods; and 4) enable teachers to use modern, interactive learning experiences to assist colleagues in the field to acquire skills to advocate, plan for and implement RC activities in their pandemic preparedness plans. |
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 | Description: Participants guide for rapid containment 4 day training Abstract: The participants guide is part of the rapid containment package and contains all discussion questions and role plays information for the participants |
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 | Description: Lecture to introduce Rapid Containment Abstract: The learning objectives are to: 1) Differentiate between rapid response and rapid containment; and 2) Define and describe the activities in containment and buffer zones. |
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 | Description: Lecture on team composition Abstract: The learning objectives are to 1) identify the team members; 2) define the roles and responsibilities of each team member; 3) know how to enhance coordination and communication among team membes; and 4) recognize the standards of ethical conduct for case investigations. |
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 | Description: Recommendations and laboratory procedures for detection of avian influenza Abstract: The document provides guidance on specimen collecting and handling, laboratory requirements, confirmation of results, available laboratory techniques for detection of influenza A viruses in humans, and serological identification of antibodies against avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses. |
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 | Description: World Health Assembly document (WHA58.3) Abstract: The World Health Assembly accepted the revised IHR. |
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 | Pages: 50; Description: This Guide is separated into two parts: Part 1: Risk Communication Planning and Part 2: Taking Action and Communicating Effectively during and Outbreak. Abstract: In this Guide, a team-based approach is applied to the scenario of a disease outbreak, leading you through the steps necessary to: 1) plan and develop a communication response, and 2) implement the plan. It will provide you with practical direction on how to effectively communicate correct information and what to do during the pre-outbreak, outbreak, and post-outbreak periods. Many of these skills can also be applied to other risk and emergency situations. |
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 | Pages: 1; Time allotted: 20 minutes Description: An interactive online course about infection control and prevention in health care settings in Spanish. Abstract: The training course is intended for infection control and prevention in healthcare settings. The learning objectives are 1) review occupational health and infection control principles; 2) identify appropriate personal protective equipment needs based on clinical assessment; 3) application of personal protective equipment; and 4) preventing needlestick injuries. |
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 | Description: Seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines; covers development and production, safety and effectiveness Abstract: The learning objectives are 1) develop a basic understanding of how influenza vaccines are developed; 2) be familiar with the major types of vaccines and methods of vaccine production; 3) understand the importance of vaccine effectiveness and testing; 4) recognize the differences and challenges of seasonal vs. pandemic influenza vaccine development, manufacturing, and distribution. |
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 | Pages: 24; Description: This guideline provides an overview of strategic communication as it applies to pandemic influenza in low and middle income countries. Abstract: The guideline provides a framework for planners to develop country-specific social mobilization and behavior change communication strategies for pandemic influenza. These strategies incorporate communication objectives, participant groups, desired behaviors, types of messages, selection of channels, and approaches to communication planning and implementation in support of country-level efforts for pandemic influenza response. |
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 | Description: This document is addressed to infection control professionals, occupational health specialists and other professionals involved in patient care in health-care facilities. It is designed to provide quick reference guidance on infection prevention and control to help prevent the transmission of acute infectious respiratory diseases during health care. |
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 | Description: Lecture on the organizational structure for media communication during an outbreak/pandemic Abstract: The presentation discusses the strategy, operational guide and training materials for outbreak communication, the organization and functions of the Emergency Communication Coordination Committee. Related documents:
Outbreak Communication: Strategy, Structure and Operations |
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 | Pages: 5; Description: This guideline describes the objectives and mechanisms for surveillance and reporting globally in the postpandemic period for A/(H1N1) 2009 pandemic. Abstract: The purpose of surveillance in the post/pandemic period is to provide information that will enable timely epidemic or pandemic detection, inform health policy decisions and influenza management strategies, and guide influenza vaccine development and prioritization. This guideline describes the objectives and mechanisms for surveillance and reporting globally. |
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 | Description: Example of a survey for media communication during an outbreak of avian flu (Egypt) Abstract: The survey is designed to quantify awareness of avian influenza's threat to human health in the general population and in subgroups of influentials. It is also designed to identify rumours about the disease which may be circulating. |
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 | Description: Module 1: Preparing for an emergency, Pandemic Preparedness Exercise Package Abstract: The purpose of this TTX is to test through a facilitated discussion the awareness and operability of plans and procedures related to the planned response to pandemic influenza. |
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 | Description: Module 2: Surveillance, Pandemic Preparedness Exercise Package Abstract: The purpose of this TTX is to test through a facilitated discussion the awareness and operability of plans and procedures related to the planned response to pandemic influenza. |
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 | Description: Module 3: Case Investigation and Treatment, Pandemic Preparedness Exercise Package Abstract: The purpose of this TTX is to test through a facilitated discussion the awareness and operability of plans and procedures related to the planned response to pandemic influenza. |
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 | Description: Module 4: Preventing spread of infection in the community, Pandemic Preparedness Exercise Package Abstract: The purpose of this TTX is to test through a facilitated discussion the awareness and operability of plans and procedures related to the planned response to pandemic influenza. |
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 | Description: Module 5: Maintaining essential services Abstract: The purpose of this TTX is to test through a facilitated discussion the awareness and operability of plans and procedures related to the planned response to pandemic influenza. |
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 | Description: Guide for Controllers/Facilitators, Pandemic Preparedness Exercise Package Abstract: This guide is designed to assist the designated controller/facilitator in the execution of the TTX. |
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 | Description: Immediate post exercise review, Pandemic Preparedness Exercise Package Abstract: This guide is designed to assist the designated controller/facilitator in the conduct of the immediate post exercise review |
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 | Description: Agenda of table top exercise (TTX) Abstract: This document describes the agenda for the three hour TTX. |
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 | Pages: 1; Description: The video describes the first human case of avian influenza A/H5N1 in Bali Province in Indonesia. Abstract: The video is intended to outline the steps associated with containing avian influenza A/H5N1 at the source. Community education and focal culling are presented as two mechanisms to prevent further human infection in endemic areas. |
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 | Description: Document describing the changes in the revised IHR (2005) Abstract: The key changes include the establishment of a real time event management system, the development of the core surveillance and response capacities, the expansion to include notification of all public health emergencies of international concern, the support for States Parties, the designation of IHR focal points, as well as the benefits to Member States. |
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 | Description: A tool to assist countries assessing their Pandemic Preparedness plan Abstract: The capacity of countries for influenza pandemic planning varies, and they may be at different stages of the planning process. The aim of the pandemic preparedness checklist is primarily to provide an outline of the essential minimum elements of preparedness, as well as elements of preparedness that are considered desirable. It is recommended that responsible authorities or institutes in countries that are in the process of planning should consider the specific aspects of the checklist for which they are responsible. Countries that already have a national pandemic preparedness plan in place may use the checklist to evaluate the completeness of the current plan. |
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 | Description: The toolkit gives practical ways to communicate the organization's information, positions and role in advocating for health development. Abstract: The toolkit includes an overview of WHO's role in advocacy, the ways in which WHO communicates with stakeholders, practical tips for working with journalists, the do's and don'ts of print, radio, and television interviews, and a primer on crisis communications. |
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 | Description: Recommendations for monitoring spread of influenza Abstract: The WHO recommends enhanced surveillance for influenza A/H5 to ensure close global monitoring of the situation and coordination of the global response. As the epidemiological situation evolves, WHO will review these guidelines. |
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 | Description: Framework and approach for planning and conducting investigations of human cases of A(H5/N1) Abstract: The document reflects and incorporates the practical field experience gained by investigators working at international, national and sub-national levels during investigations of A(H5/N1). These guidelines provide essential information on how to conduct an investigation of human cases. They can assist in developing operational plans and procedures. |
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 | Description: This document provides information on the diagnostics available as of the above date for the human influenza A (H1N1) A/California/4/2009‐like viruses. Further diagnostic information will be updated when available. This is an update to the document published on WHO’s website on 18 August 2009. |
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 | Description: Outbreak communication handbook for journalists Abstract: The handbook provides information on reporting on the pandemic, the basics of influenza, the great unknowns (why there are no certain answers), the questions that can be answered, the different public health tools available, the WHO pandemic phases, pandemic preparedness, as well as the role of science journalists. Related documents:
WHO Outbreak Communication Planning Guide |
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 | Description: Recommendations to build public communication capacity Abstract: The guidance is to help national authorities apply the WHO outbreak communication principles to their outbreak plannning and preparation activities including: ensuring at-risk populations have the information they need to make well-informed decisions; supporting coordination and the efficient use of communication resources; providing relevant public health information to inform implicated non-health sectors; minimize social and economic disruption; and to maintain and build public trust in public health authorities. Related documents:
WHO Outbreak Communication - WHO Handbook for Journalists: Influenza Pandemic |
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 | Pages: 1; Description: This guideline describes pandemic phases in a tabular format. Abstract: The pandemic phases are described and the main actions are explained. Actions relate to planning and coordination, situation monitoring and assessment, communications, reducing the spread of the disease and continuity of health care provision. |
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 | Pages: 18; Description: The primary aim of this document is to support pandemic planning across all sectors of society, including public and private sector organizations and essential services. Abstract: These guidelines address the need to prepare the whole of society, beyond the health care sector, for pandemic influenza. The primary aim of this document is to support integrated planning and preparations for pandemic influenza across all sectors of society, including public and private sector organizations and essential services. |
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 | Pages: 20; Description: This guideline assists countries in achieving sustainable and functional collaboration between animal and human health sectors, which is crucial to addressing the challenges posed by endemic, emerging and re-emerging zoonoses. Abstract: This guideline assists countries in achieving sustainable and functional collaboration between animal and human health sectors, which is crucial to addressing the challenges posed by endemic, emerging and re-emerging zoonoses. It outlines step-by-step actions to develop appropriate collaborations in the four key areas identified in the Asia Pacific Strategy for Emerging Diseases (APSED) zoonoses work plan. These are surveillance and information sharing, coordinated response, risk reduction and collaborative research. |
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 | Description: Zoonotic influenza and highly pathogenic influenza in poultry; prevention and control of avian influenza Abstract: The learning objectives are 1) describe inter-species transmission of avian influenza virus; 2) describe characteristics of highly pathogenic vs. low pathogenic influenza viruses; 3) list avian influenza control measures in poultry populations; 4) describe measures to mitigate risk for poultry and outbreak response workers. |
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