   | Pages: 46; Description: This report outlines methods for assessing gender and sex-related factors in the spread and occurrence of infectious disease outbreaks. Abstract: This paper presents a gender perspective on outbreaks of epidemic-prone infectious diseases. It discusses evidence of differences in the infectious disease process between males and females, and aims to show how, by taking such differences between men and women into account, it is possible to improve the understanding of the epidemiology and the clinical course and outcome of diseases, aid in their detection and treatment, and increase public participation in and the effectiveness of prevention and control activities. |
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 | Pages: 96; Description: Each summary contains the following: responsible institution; focal person; overall goals of the training; target audience and competencies; main topics included; format; language; length of training; certification if provided; evaluation modalities, countries where implemented, summary of evaluation results and successes and challenges. Abstract: This compendium aims to provide a wide ranging inventory of material, tools and trainings developed by Influenza Training Network partners to, among others, raise awareness on pandemic influenza preparedness measures, community case management, infection prevention and control, laboratory, risk communication, surveillance and outbreak investigation. |
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 | Pages: 2; Description: This report provides key indicators for pandemic resilience. It aims to present a broad picture of what a “pandemic safe community” looks like. Abstract: This report provides key indicators for pandemic resilience. It aims to present a broad picture of what a “pandemic safe community” looks like and enable community leaders create innovative ways to get there. |
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 | Pages: 50; Description: This report outlines activities that can be undertaken to anticipate and address the possible impact of climate change on communicable diseases. Abstract: This handbook is intended to be a resource to encourage planning activities that anticipate and address the possible impact of climate change on communicable disease spread. Informed by current climate change science, particularly as it relates to communicable disease spread, this handbook suggests various processes and important points for consideration when conducting vulnerability assessments and developing adaptation strategies for climate change. |
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 | Pages: 64; Description: One hundred and forty two plans were sourced and 119 were analyzed in this study, indicating that the majority of Member States have made significant progress towards pandemic preparedness planning. An assessment tool based on the 2005 WHO Checklist for Influenza Pandemic Preparedness and Planning was used to extract essential information from national preparedness plans. Abstract: This study evaluated publicly available national pandemic preparedness plans and determined national and regional states of preparedness at the start of the influenza A(H1N1) 2009 pandemic according to the five functional components in the WHO pandemic preparedness and response guidance: planning and coordination, situation monitoring and assessment, prevention and containment, health system response and communication. The outcome of the evaluation describes the level of preparedness related to these five components stratified by WHO region. |
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 | Pages: 68; Description: The report is a consultation between United Nations and other partners to develop a strategic framework for reducing risks of infectious diseases at the animal–human–ecosystems interface. Abstract: The overall objective of the Strategic Framework represents an international public good. Its achievement will involve the strengthening of existing animal and public health surveillance, response, prevention and preparedness systems at the country, regional and international levels. |
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 | Pages: 45; Description: The primary objective of the study was to examine advantages and disadvantages of different coordination arrangements, and to establish a series of principles that if adopted would lead to better synergy and more effective implementation of assistance. Abstract: The study conclusions reinforce best practice on coordination that has been promulgated by Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development, UNDG, and similar bodies. They also conclude that sustained attention is needed to ensure that best practice is pursued, and they have proposed that nine principles, which reflect this best practice, be put into practice at country level. |
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 | Pages: 47; Description: This report assesses mechanisms to quantify costs and benefits of control or risk mitigation measures associated with animal disease control of A/(H5N1). Abstract: This report assesses the various ways that have been used to quantify costs and benefits of different control and prevention measures associated with diseases with the aim of identifying an appropriate methodology for analyzing the mitigations measures used to control/prevent A/(H5N1) in the study countries. |
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 | Pages: 31; Abstract: The document describes highlights in the evolution of pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 from April 2009 to March 2010. |
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 | Pages: 44; Description: This report describes the regional strategy for avian influenza and other emerging infectious diseases of animals for the Asia and Pacific regions. The Strategy provides a vision for a common approach to address the ongoing problem of HPAI and EIDs, and serves to harmonize activities of various partners and donor agencies within the region. Abstract: This strategy is a revision of the Strategic Framework for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Prevention and Control in Southeast Asia developed in May 2006. The Strategy has been revised in recognition of the changing situation of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in the region and advances in knowledge about approaches to its control. It also reflects the international recognition of the regular emergence of new infectious diseases that threaten food security, food safety and human health and the need for interventions that address surveillance and preparedness capabilities for emerging infectious diseases in a broader context. |
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 | Pages: 41; Description: This report presents and discusses the potential pathways of highly pathogenic avian influenza A/(H5N1) transmission from poultry to humans. Abstract: The purpose of this report is to critically review published, grey literature, and accessible primary reports on HPAI, specifically focusing on highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N1 (HPAI/H5N1) in humans. The epidemiology of influenza A/(H5N1) in poultry and humans is reviewed, and an evaluation of what is known about influenza A/(H5N1) transmission patterns from poultry-to-humans is undertaken. Although this report focuses on A/(H5N1), studies which have evaluated poultry-to-human transmission for other HPAI strains (e.g., H7 outbreaks in the Netherlands, Italy and British Columbia) are included. |
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 | Pages: 18; Description: This paper reviews the (predominantly grey) literature on impacts of highly pathogenic avian influenza strain H5N1 and control responses on the livestock sector and associated industries in developing countries. Abstract: This review considers how the impacts propagate up- and downstream through related supply and distribution networks, how short-term reactions are followed by longer-term adjustments, how impacts include direct cost elements and foregone income, and why losses to the poultry sector will, at least to some extent, be ‘passed on’ on the one hand, for example through compensation, and, on the other hand, be compensated for by gains in other livestock subsectors. |
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 | Pages: 32; Description: The aim of this report is to provide a methodological framework that will enable the collection and analysis of primary data to measure the impacts of highly pathogenic avian influenza on assets, livelihood strategies and the various indicators of rural livelihoods. Abstract: This report provides frameworks for research on the impacts of the highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks and threats on rural livelihoods, specifically to measure the rural households’ vulnerability to this livestock disease and its associated repercussions (e.g., food and nutrition insecurity and deepened gender inequality). |
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 | Pages: 56; Description: This report describes biosecurity for backyard holdings of poultry to reduce risk of disease transmission and economic losses. Abstract: The objective of this literature review is to describe biosecurity and to cover options of improving biosecurity in sectors 3 and 4 while considering the possibilities of restructuring keeping in mind the special conditions of small poultry productions. Furthermore, the feasibility and cost of implementation and the potential impact on future contribution of small poultry production to food security is discussed. The target group is decision makers, professional poultry personnel and scientists. |
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 | Description: This joint teleconference discussion focused on human–animal interface aspects of the virus and the event. |
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 | Pages: 18; Description: This report details the methodologies to be used to assess the nutritional impacts of highly pathogenic avian influenza. Abstract: While issues related to food safety and avian influenza have been addressed in some industrialized countries, little has been done to understand how the epidemic together with the government and general population responses has affected the nutrition of those living in developing countries. The methodologies outlined in this report are proposed for investigating nutritional impact of an avian influenza. |
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 | Pages: 47; Description: This study was undertaken between April and September of 2008 to further define the details of the stockpile logistics and financing and was conducted as a collaboration between the World Health Organization, the Bill & Melinda Gates foundation, and Oliver Wyman. Abstract: The report defines options for the logistical design of the H5N1 vaccine stockpile and associated tradeoffs and develops potential strategies and mechanisms to finance the stockpile. This included an assessment of the key drivers of cost and design of mechanisms to manage the costs and mitigate uncertainties. |
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 | Pages: 12; Abstract: This report summarizes the chronology, epidemiology and virology of the winter influenza season in the northern hemisphere’s temperate regions, from October 2010 through the end of April 2011. The data presented have been derived primarily from reports published by national ministries of health and reported through FluNet. |
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 | Pages: 8; Description: The studies were designed to determine the prevalence of cross-reactive
antibodies to the pandemic influenza virus prior to its appearance and to estimate the proportion of the population that was infected. Abstract: In this review the methods and results of 9 studies of the seroprevalence of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus that have been published in peer-reviewed journals are examined, and the implications of such studies are discussed. These studies include data from 7 countries: China; China, Province of Taiwan; Finland; Germany; Singapore; the United Kingdom; and the United States of America. |
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 | Pages: 17; Abstract: The emergence of a novel strain of influenza virus A (H1N1) in April 2009 focused attention on influenza surveillance capabilities worldwide. In consultations before the 2009 outbreak of influenza subtype H1N1, the World Health Organization had concluded that the world was unprepared to respond to an influenza pandemic, due in part to inadequate global surveillance and response capacity. We describe a sentinel surveillance system that could enhance the quality of influenza epidemiologic and laboratory data and strengthen a country’s capacity for seasonal, novel, and pandemic influenza detection and prevention. Such a system would 1) provide data for a better understanding of the epidemiology and extent of seasonal influenza, 2) provide a platform for the study of other acute febrile respiratory illnesses, 3) provide virus isolates for the development of vaccines, 4) inform local pandemic planning and vaccine policy, 5) monitor influenza epidemics and pandemics, and 6) provide infrastructure for an early warning system for outbreaks of new virus subtypes. |
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 | Pages: 8; Abstract: Several countries that have experienced large epidemics caused by pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus have now shared their findings globally. These reports have been made publicly available through the web sites and official updates of ministries of health as well as through papers published in peer-reviewed literature. This report summarizes some of the key observations from selected countries regarding hospitalization rates, mortality rates and risk groups that may inform preparations being made for the winter influenza season in countries of the northern hemisphere. |
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 | Pages: 45; Abstract: The influenza pandemic of 2009 highlighted many areas of influenza surveillance that require strengthening, one of the most important being standardized data collection and reporting systems. To this end, WHO organized a global consultation to review influenza surveillance standards and the current data-sharing and reporting tools, with the goal of preparing a manual of global standards and improving the reporting tools. This report summarizes the discussions and recommendations of that consultation with regard to the influenza surveillance manual and the tools for global surveillance. |
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